Chemical Carcinogenesis

A carcinogen is defined as any substance or radiation that promotes cancer formation or carcinogenesis. Chemical carcinogens may be natural or synthetic, toxic or non-toxic. Many carcinogens are organic in nature, such as benzo[a]pyrene and viruses. An example of carcinogenic radiation is ultraviolet light. Carcinogens prevent normal cell death from occurring so cellular division is uncontrolled. This results in a tumor. If the tumor develops the ability to spread or metastasize, cancer results. Some carcinogens damage DNA, however, if significant genetic damage occurs, usually a cell simply dies. Carcinogens alter cellular metabolism in other ways, causing affected cells to become less specialized and either masking them from the immune system or else preventing the immune system from killing them.

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