Toxicology & Pharmacology Conference to be held in Rome, Italy during March 23 - 24 2020.
Ethnopharmacology
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Ethnopharmacology is the scientific study of ethnic groups and their use of drugs. Ethnopharmacology is distinctly linked to plant use, ethnobotany, as this is the main delivery of pharmaceuticals. It is also often associated with ethnopharmacy. However, ethnopharmacology differs from ethnopharmacy in that it is the biological evaluation of how effective traditional medicines are, whereas ethnopharmacy deals instead with much broader considerations of drug use. These considerations are related to the perception, use, and management of pharmaceuticals within a given human society. Ethnopharmacology also relates to pharmacoepidemiology, the study of how drugs are used by and affect large numbers of people. When investigating a natural product used by a culture as a medicine, it is important that the methods of collection, extraction and preparation are the same or similar to those used by the ethnic group. This is to ensure consistency and legitimacy of the experimentation.
Drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity, efficacy/potency, metabolic stability, and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, the process of drug development can continue, and, if successful, clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. A toxicology screen is a test that determines the approximate amount and type of legal or illegal drugs that taken. It may be used to screen for drug abuse , to monitor a substance abuse problem, or to evaluate drug intoxication or overdose. Toxicology screening can be done fairly quickly. The test is most often done using a urine or blood sample. In some cases, a sample of saliva or hair may be used. The results can show the presence of one specific drug or a variety of drugs at once. Further testing may be needed to determ...
Drug safety in the development process, new biomarkers are needed which can reduce the time-consuming process and cost of drug development. Traditional indicators of target organ toxicity used in preclinical drug safety studies consist of a battery of clinical pathology parameters in blood and urine coupled with histopathologic examination of altered tissues. Researching the translational safety biomarker is a process that investigates one characteristic of the biomarker, i.e. noninvasive, and translates between species. The safety biomarker should be validated and preclinically and clinically qualified. Several kidney biomarkers in the context of preclinical development and clinical trials are presented in this chapter. Application of safety biomarkers in different phases of drug development, in particular for kidney, liver, heart, vascular vessels, lung, central nervous system, and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism, is described. For more: http://www.globalepisteme.org/Conferenc...
The goal of preclinical safety assessment should be to provide some assurance that patients will be protected from any unacceptable risks by defining safe and active doses. These data have been useful in providing some assurance that severe adverse effects would not be induced in patients. For more: http://www.globalepisteme.org/Conference/toxicology-pharmacology-conference/ For abstract submission: http://www.globalepisteme.org/Conference/toxicology-pharmacology-conference/submitabstract Contact us: toxicology@globalepisteme.com
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